Pacemakers are used by people who have heart problems that cause their heart to beat too slow or too fast. Having a pacemaker can be lifesaving for many heart patients
People who need a pacemaker:
- Those whose heart beats are too fast (tachycardia), or too slow (bradycardia) and cannot be controlled by medication
- Those with a heart failure, where a defect in the heart’s electrical signals cause the heart to stop beating
- Those having a particular type of heart block, where a delay in the electrical conduction makes the heart beat too slowly
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Types of Pacemakers
The classification of pacemaker needed for the heart will majorly depend on the condition of the heart and the symptoms. Once the consultants have evaluated the diagnosis, the next step is to decide which pacemaker shall be used and the same is conveyed to the patient.
- Single-chamber pacemaker
The single-chamber pacemaker is equipped with a lead which connects the pulse generator to one of the heart chambers. This is the commonest used pacemaker used to control the pacing of the heartbeat by connecting the lead to the lower heart chamber or the right ventricle.
- Dual-chamber pacemaker
The dual-chamber pacemaker is equipped with two leads which connect to the right-side chambers of the heart or the right atrium and the right ventricle. The pace contractions are regulated to both the chambers to help the heart pace work in a rhythmic pattern. The flow of the blood is also regulated from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
- Biventricular pacemaker
The biventricular pacemaker or the cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device is equipped with three leads that connect to the right atrium and both the left and the right ventricles. The patients diagnosed with arrhythmias are usually advised this pacemaker.
The biventricular pacemaker coordinates the contractions of both the ventricles to help them pump in unison. This results in more blood to be pumped from the heart and reverses the symptoms of heart failure. This is called the cardiac resynchronization therapy technique.